/* Archivo, latin-ext (self-hosted, SIL Open Font License) */
@font-face {
  font-family: 'Archivo';
  font-style: normal;
  font-weight: 400;
  font-stretch: 100%;
  font-display: swap;
  src: url(/fonts/archivo-latin-ext-c628a8.woff2) format('woff2');
  unicode-range: U+0100-02BA, U+02BD-02C5, U+02C7-02CC, U+02CE-02D7, U+02DD-02FF, U+0304, U+0308, U+0329, U+1D00-1DBF, U+1E00-1E9F, U+1EF2-1EFF, U+2020, U+20A0-20AB, U+20AD-20C0, U+2113, U+2C60-2C7F, U+A720-A7FF;
}
/* Archivo, latin (self-hosted, SIL Open Font License) */
@font-face {
  font-family: 'Archivo';
  font-style: normal;
  font-weight: 400;
  font-stretch: 100%;
  font-display: swap;
  src: url(/fonts/archivo-latin-0186fb.woff2) format('woff2');
  unicode-range: U+0000-00FF, U+0131, U+0152-0153, U+02BB-02BC, U+02C6, U+02DA, U+02DC, U+0304, U+0308, U+0329, U+2000-206F, U+20AC, U+2122, U+2191, U+2193, U+2212, U+2215, U+FEFF, U+FFFD;
}
/* Archivo, latin-ext (self-hosted, SIL Open Font License) */
@font-face {
  font-family: 'Archivo';
  font-style: normal;
  font-weight: 500;
  font-stretch: 100%;
  font-display: swap;
  src: url(/fonts/archivo-latin-ext-c628a8.woff2) format('woff2');
  unicode-range: U+0100-02BA, U+02BD-02C5, U+02C7-02CC, U+02CE-02D7, U+02DD-02FF, U+0304, U+0308, U+0329, U+1D00-1DBF, U+1E00-1E9F, U+1EF2-1EFF, U+2020, U+20A0-20AB, U+20AD-20C0, U+2113, U+2C60-2C7F, U+A720-A7FF;
}
/* Archivo, latin (self-hosted, SIL Open Font License) */
@font-face {
  font-family: 'Archivo';
  font-style: normal;
  font-weight: 500;
  font-stretch: 100%;
  font-display: swap;
  src: url(/fonts/archivo-latin-0186fb.woff2) format('woff2');
  unicode-range: U+0000-00FF, U+0131, U+0152-0153, U+02BB-02BC, U+02C6, U+02DA, U+02DC, U+0304, U+0308, U+0329, U+2000-206F, U+20AC, U+2122, U+2191, U+2193, U+2212, U+2215, U+FEFF, U+FFFD;
}
/* Archivo, latin-ext (self-hosted, SIL Open Font License) */
@font-face {
  font-family: 'Archivo';
  font-style: normal;
  font-weight: 600;
  font-stretch: 100%;
  font-display: swap;
  src: url(/fonts/archivo-latin-ext-c628a8.woff2) format('woff2');
  unicode-range: U+0100-02BA, U+02BD-02C5, U+02C7-02CC, U+02CE-02D7, U+02DD-02FF, U+0304, U+0308, U+0329, U+1D00-1DBF, U+1E00-1E9F, U+1EF2-1EFF, U+2020, U+20A0-20AB, U+20AD-20C0, U+2113, U+2C60-2C7F, U+A720-A7FF;
}
/* Archivo, latin (self-hosted, SIL Open Font License) */
@font-face {
  font-family: 'Archivo';
  font-style: normal;
  font-weight: 600;
  font-stretch: 100%;
  font-display: swap;
  src: url(/fonts/archivo-latin-0186fb.woff2) format('woff2');
  unicode-range: U+0000-00FF, U+0131, U+0152-0153, U+02BB-02BC, U+02C6, U+02DA, U+02DC, U+0304, U+0308, U+0329, U+2000-206F, U+20AC, U+2122, U+2191, U+2193, U+2212, U+2215, U+FEFF, U+FFFD;
}
/* Fraunces, latin-ext (self-hosted, SIL Open Font License) */
@font-face {
  font-family: 'Fraunces';
  font-style: normal;
  font-weight: 400;
  font-display: swap;
  src: url(/fonts/fraunces-latin-ext-ed6f8e.woff2) format('woff2');
  unicode-range: U+0100-02BA, U+02BD-02C5, U+02C7-02CC, U+02CE-02D7, U+02DD-02FF, U+0304, U+0308, U+0329, U+1D00-1DBF, U+1E00-1E9F, U+1EF2-1EFF, U+2020, U+20A0-20AB, U+20AD-20C0, U+2113, U+2C60-2C7F, U+A720-A7FF;
}
/* Fraunces, latin (self-hosted, SIL Open Font License) */
@font-face {
  font-family: 'Fraunces';
  font-style: normal;
  font-weight: 400;
  font-display: swap;
  src: url(/fonts/fraunces-latin-9e5095.woff2) format('woff2');
  unicode-range: U+0000-00FF, U+0131, U+0152-0153, U+02BB-02BC, U+02C6, U+02DA, U+02DC, U+0304, U+0308, U+0329, U+2000-206F, U+20AC, U+2122, U+2191, U+2193, U+2212, U+2215, U+FEFF, U+FFFD;
}
/* Fraunces, latin-ext (self-hosted, SIL Open Font License) */
@font-face {
  font-family: 'Fraunces';
  font-style: normal;
  font-weight: 600;
  font-display: swap;
  src: url(/fonts/fraunces-latin-ext-ed6f8e.woff2) format('woff2');
  unicode-range: U+0100-02BA, U+02BD-02C5, U+02C7-02CC, U+02CE-02D7, U+02DD-02FF, U+0304, U+0308, U+0329, U+1D00-1DBF, U+1E00-1E9F, U+1EF2-1EFF, U+2020, U+20A0-20AB, U+20AD-20C0, U+2113, U+2C60-2C7F, U+A720-A7FF;
}
/* Fraunces, latin (self-hosted, SIL Open Font License) */
@font-face {
  font-family: 'Fraunces';
  font-style: normal;
  font-weight: 600;
  font-display: swap;
  src: url(/fonts/fraunces-latin-9e5095.woff2) format('woff2');
  unicode-range: U+0000-00FF, U+0131, U+0152-0153, U+02BB-02BC, U+02C6, U+02DA, U+02DC, U+0304, U+0308, U+0329, U+2000-206F, U+20AC, U+2122, U+2191, U+2193, U+2212, U+2215, U+FEFF, U+FFFD;
}
/* Fraunces, latin-ext (self-hosted, SIL Open Font License) */
@font-face {
  font-family: 'Fraunces';
  font-style: normal;
  font-weight: 700;
  font-display: swap;
  src: url(/fonts/fraunces-latin-ext-ed6f8e.woff2) format('woff2');
  unicode-range: U+0100-02BA, U+02BD-02C5, U+02C7-02CC, U+02CE-02D7, U+02DD-02FF, U+0304, U+0308, U+0329, U+1D00-1DBF, U+1E00-1E9F, U+1EF2-1EFF, U+2020, U+20A0-20AB, U+20AD-20C0, U+2113, U+2C60-2C7F, U+A720-A7FF;
}
/* Fraunces, latin (self-hosted, SIL Open Font License) */
@font-face {
  font-family: 'Fraunces';
  font-style: normal;
  font-weight: 700;
  font-display: swap;
  src: url(/fonts/fraunces-latin-9e5095.woff2) format('woff2');
  unicode-range: U+0000-00FF, U+0131, U+0152-0153, U+02BB-02BC, U+02C6, U+02DA, U+02DC, U+0304, U+0308, U+0329, U+2000-206F, U+20AC, U+2122, U+2191, U+2193, U+2212, U+2215, U+FEFF, U+FFFD;
}

/* Berkeley Business Review — newsmagazine design
   Palette:
   --blue    #003262  Berkeley Blue: masthead, fly titles, buttons, footer
   --gold    #FDB515  California Gold: top stripe, section tabs, end mark, underlines
   --ink     #121212  headlines and text
   --muted   #5C5C5C  rubrics, bylines, dates
   --line    #D9D9D9  hairline rules
   --tint    #F3F3F1  bands and tags
   --paper   #FFFFFF  background
   Type: Fraunces (headlines) / Georgia (article text) / Archivo (labels & UI)
*/

:root {
  --blue: #003262;
  --blue-dark: #00244A;
  --gold: #FDB515;
  --ink: #121212;
  --muted: #5C5C5C;
  --line: #D9D9D9;
  --tint: #F3F3F1;
  --paper: #FFFFFF;
  --serif: "Fraunces", Georgia, serif;
  --text-serif: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;
  --sans: "Archivo", system-ui, sans-serif;
}

* { box-sizing: border-box; }

body {
  margin: 0;
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: 1rem;
  line-height: 1.5;
  color: var(--ink);
  background: var(--paper);
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
}

a { color: inherit; text-decoration: none; }
a:hover { text-decoration: underline; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-underline-offset: 3px; }
a:focus-visible, .btn:focus-visible { outline: 2px solid var(--gold); outline-offset: 2px; }

.wrap { max-width: 76rem; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0 1.5rem; }

/* ---------- Masthead: red rule, wordmark, section bar ---------- */
.masthead { border-top: 6px solid var(--blue); box-shadow: inset 0 3px 0 var(--gold); }
.masthead-bar {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 1rem;
  padding-top: 1.1rem;
  padding-bottom: 1rem;
}
.masthead-title {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: clamp(1.45rem, 3.4vw, 2.2rem);
  letter-spacing: -0.015em;
  line-height: 1;
  color: var(--blue);
}
.masthead-title:hover { text-decoration: none; }
.site-nav { border-top: 1px solid var(--line); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--blue); }
.site-nav .wrap {
  display: flex;
  gap: 0 1.75rem;
  overflow-x: auto;
  white-space: nowrap;
  scrollbar-width: none;
}
.site-nav .wrap::-webkit-scrollbar { display: none; }
.site-nav a {
  font-size: 0.875rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  padding: 0.7rem 0 0.55rem;
  border-bottom: 3px solid transparent;
}
.site-nav a:hover { text-decoration: none; border-bottom-color: var(--gold); }

.btn {
  display: inline-block;
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-weight: 600;
  font-size: 0.875rem;
  padding: 0.55rem 1.1rem;
  background: var(--blue);
  color: #fff;
  border-radius: 2px;
}
.btn:hover { background: var(--blue-dark); text-decoration: none; }

/* ---------- Shared story pieces ---------- */
/* Fly title: the small red label above a headline */
.lead-column, .story-col {
  display: block;
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: 0.01em;
  color: var(--blue);
  margin-bottom: 0.3rem;
}
.dek {
  font-family: var(--text-serif);
  color: var(--muted);
  line-height: 1.45;
  margin: 0 0 0.6rem;
  display: -webkit-box;
  -webkit-line-clamp: 3;
  -webkit-box-orient: vertical;
  overflow: hidden;
}
.byline { font-size: 0.8rem; color: var(--muted); margin: 0; }

/* Section heading with a short red tab on a black rule */
.rail-heading {
  position: relative;
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  margin: 3rem 0 1rem;
  padding-top: 0.7rem;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--blue);
}
.rail-heading::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  top: -1px;
  left: 0;
  width: 2.5rem;
  height: 5px;
  background: var(--gold);
}

/* Story images: the BRB graphics are about 13:6 */
.pic-link, .rail-pic { display: block; margin-bottom: 0.85rem; background: var(--tint); }
.pic-link img, .rail-pic img {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  aspect-ratio: 13 / 6;
  object-fit: cover;
}

/* ---------- Homepage: three-column top block ---------- */
.top-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(0, 1.65fr) minmax(0, 0.95fr);
  padding: 1.75rem 0 2.5rem;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}
.top-grid > * { padding: 0 1.5rem; }
.top-grid > :first-child { padding-left: 0; }
.top-grid > :last-child { padding-right: 0; }
.top-grid > * + * { border-left: 1px solid var(--line); }

.lead h2 {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: clamp(1.7rem, 2.7vw, 2.3rem);
  line-height: 1.08;
  letter-spacing: -0.015em;
  margin: 0.15rem 0 0.8rem;
}
.lead .dek { font-size: 1.1rem; -webkit-line-clamp: 5; }

.pic-story h2 {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: clamp(1.35rem, 2.1vw, 1.75rem);
  line-height: 1.12;
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
  margin: 0.1rem 0 0.6rem;
}
.pic-story .dek { font-size: 1.02rem; }

.top-list .rail-heading { margin-top: 0; }
.top-item { padding: 0.8rem 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
.top-item:first-child { padding-top: 0.2rem; }
.top-item:last-child { border-bottom: 0; }
.top-item h3 {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-weight: 600;
  font-size: 1.05rem;
  line-height: 1.22;
  margin: 0 0 0.3rem;
}

/* ---------- Homepage: one block per column ---------- */
#columns {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(4, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 0 1.75rem;
}
.col-rail .rail-heading a:hover { text-decoration: underline; text-decoration-color: var(--gold); }
.rail-top h3 {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: 1.2rem;
  line-height: 1.15;
  margin: 0 0 0.45rem;
}
.rail-top .dek { font-size: 0.95rem; }
.col-rail ul { list-style: none; margin: 0.4rem 0 0; padding: 0; }
.col-rail li {
  padding: 0.7rem 0;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-weight: 600;
  font-size: 0.98rem;
  line-height: 1.25;
}
.see-all {
  display: inline-block;
  margin-top: 0.4rem;
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--blue);
}

/* ---------- Newsletter band ---------- */
.blurb-band {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) auto;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 1rem 2.5rem;
  margin: 3.5rem 0 0;
  padding: 2rem 2.25rem;
  background: var(--tint);
  border-top: 5px solid var(--gold);
}
.blurb-band h2 {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: 1.7rem;
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
  margin: 0 0 0.4rem;
}
.blurb-band p { font-family: var(--text-serif); color: var(--muted); max-width: 56ch; margin: 0; }

/* ---------- Listings (browse page, related stories) ---------- */
.latest-list { display: flex; flex-direction: column; }
.story-row { display: flex; flex-direction: column; padding: 1.25rem 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
.story-row .story-col { order: -1; }
.story-row h3 {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: 1.4rem;
  line-height: 1.15;
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
  margin: 0 0 0.45rem;
  max-width: 40ch;
}
.story-row .dek { font-size: 1.02rem; max-width: 64ch; }

.browse-title {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: clamp(2rem, 4.5vw, 3rem);
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
  line-height: 1.05;
  margin: 2.5rem 0 0.5rem;
  padding-bottom: 1rem;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--blue);
}
.tag-cloud { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 0.5rem; margin-bottom: 3rem; }
.tag-cloud-section { margin-top: 3rem; }

/* ---------- Article page ---------- */
.article { max-width: 45rem; margin: 0 auto; padding-top: 2.75rem; }
.article h1 {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: clamp(2rem, 4.8vw, 3.1rem);
  line-height: 1.06;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
  margin: 0.25rem 0 1.1rem;
}
.article .article-meta {
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  color: var(--muted);
  padding: 0.8rem 0;
  margin: 0 0 1.75rem;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}
.article-hero { margin: 0 0 2rem; }
.article-hero img { display: block; width: 100%; height: auto; }

.article-body {
  font-family: var(--text-serif);
  font-size: 1.1875rem;
  line-height: 1.65;
  overflow-wrap: break-word;
}
.article-body p { margin: 0 0 1.2rem; }
/* End mark after the last paragraph */
.article-body > p:last-of-type::after { content: "\25A0"; color: var(--gold); font-size: 0.75em; margin-left: 0.4em; }
.article-body h2, .article-body h3 {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
  line-height: 1.2;
}
.article-body h2 { font-size: 1.45rem; margin: 2.25rem 0 0.6rem; }
.article-body h3 { font-size: 1.2rem; margin: 1.8rem 0 0.5rem; }
.article-body h4 { font-family: var(--sans); font-weight: 600; margin: 1.4rem 0 0.4rem; }
.article-body a { text-decoration: underline; text-decoration-color: var(--gold); text-decoration-thickness: 2px; text-underline-offset: 3px; word-break: break-word; }
.article-body blockquote {
  margin: 2rem 0;
  padding: 0.3rem 0 0.3rem 1.25rem;
  border-left: 3px solid var(--gold);
  font-family: var(--serif);
  color: var(--blue);
  font-size: 1.3rem;
  line-height: 1.35;
}
.article-body ul, .article-body ol { padding-left: 1.4rem; }
.article-body li { margin: 0.35rem 0; }
.article-body hr { border: none; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); margin: 2.25rem 0; }
.article-body strong { font-weight: 700; }
/* Images. The old WordPress markup sets fixed sizes (up to 1999px wide), so every image
   shrinks to the text column and keeps its shape. */
.article-body img { display: block; max-width: 100%; height: auto; margin: 1.75rem 0; }
.article-body figure { margin: 2rem 0; }
.article-body figure img { margin: 0; }
.article-body figure img + img { margin-top: 1rem; }
.article-body figcaption, .article-body .img-caption {
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  line-height: 1.5;
  color: var(--muted);
  margin-top: 0.6rem;
}
.article-body .img-caption { margin: 1rem 0 1.6rem; }
/* A few old posts put an image in a one-cell table for layout */
.article-body table:has(img) { display: table; table-layout: fixed; width: 100%; }
.article-body table:has(img) td { border: 0; padding: 0; }
/* Never let migrated content push the page sideways on a phone */
.article-body table {
  display: block;
  max-width: 100%;
  overflow-x: auto;
  -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch;
  border-collapse: collapse;
  margin: 1.5rem 0;
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: 0.9rem;
}
.article-body th, .article-body td {
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
  padding: 0.5rem 0.7rem;
  text-align: left;
  vertical-align: top;
}
.article-body th { border-bottom: 2px solid var(--ink); }
.article-body pre {
  max-width: 100%;
  overflow-x: auto;
  white-space: pre-wrap;
  word-wrap: break-word;
  background: var(--tint);
  padding: 0.9rem 1rem;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
}
.article-body code { word-break: break-word; }

.tag-list { margin: 2.25rem 0 1rem; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 0.5rem; }
.tag-list a, .tag-cloud a {
  display: inline-block;
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  padding: 0.3rem 0.75rem;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: 999px;
}
.tag-list a:hover, .tag-cloud a:hover { border-color: var(--gold); color: var(--blue); text-decoration: none; }
.related { max-width: 45rem; margin: 1rem auto 2rem; }

/* Sponsored articles: labeled everywhere they appear */
.sponsored-label {
  display: inline-block;
  padding: 0.05rem 0.45rem;
  border: 1px solid var(--ink);
  border-radius: 2px;
  font-size: 0.68rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--ink);
  vertical-align: middle;
}
.sponsored-note, .archive-note {
  margin: 1.25rem 0;
  padding: 0.8rem 1rem;
  background: var(--tint);
  border-left: 3px solid var(--gold);
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: 0.9rem;
}

/* ---------- Footer ---------- */
.site-footer {
  margin-top: 4rem;
  background: var(--blue);
  color: #C9D4DE;
  padding: 2.5rem 0 3rem;
  font-size: 0.85rem;
}
.site-footer strong { color: #fff; }
.site-footer p { max-width: 70ch; }
.site-footer a { color: #fff; margin-right: 1.5rem; }
.footer-links { margin-top: 1rem; }

/* ---------- Smaller screens ---------- */
@media (max-width: 60rem) {
  .top-grid { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.2fr) minmax(0, 1fr); }
  .top-grid > .lead { grid-column: 1 / -1; padding: 0 0 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
  .top-grid > .pic-story { border-left: 0; padding-left: 0; }
  #columns { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); }
}

@media (max-width: 40rem) {
  .wrap { padding: 0 1rem; }
  .masthead-cta { font-size: 0.8rem; padding: 0.45rem 0.8rem; }
  .top-grid { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr); padding-top: 1.25rem; }
  .top-grid > * { padding: 0 !important; border-left: 0 !important; }
  .top-grid > .pic-story { padding-bottom: 1.5rem !important; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
  #columns { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr); }
  .blurb-band { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr); padding: 1.5rem 1rem; margin-left: -1rem; margin-right: -1rem; }

  .article { padding-top: 1.75rem; }
  .article-body { font-size: 1.0625rem; }
  .article-body h2 { font-size: 1.3rem; margin-top: 1.9rem; }
  .article-body blockquote { font-size: 1.15rem; }

  .site-footer a { display: inline-block; margin: 0 1.25rem 0.4rem 0; }
}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference) {
  a, .btn, .site-nav a { transition: color 120ms ease, background 120ms ease, border-color 120ms ease; }
}